Abstract: Purpose/Significance In terms of whether environmental governance should be implemented by local governments or the public, and whether the effects of local government or public environmental governance are better or worse, there are different views on the existing literature. Design/Methodology The article introduces attention theory in psychology into environmental pollution control research, explains the internal relationship between local government and public environmental attention, and studies the mechanism and effect of local government and public environmental attention affecting environmental pollution. Findings/Conclusions The coordination degree of attention coupling between local governments and the public in most areas of my country is between moderately coupled coordination and highly coupled coordination, and the coordination degree of attention coupling between local governments and the public in the eastern, central and western regions decreases sequentially. A study on the emission reduction effect of local government and public environmental attention has found that both have a significant negative impact on my country's environmental pollution, that is, the increase in local government and public environmental attention is conducive to reducing the level of environmental pollution in China. How to increase the environmental attention of local governments and the public is also a focus problem that needs to be solved urgently in the process of environmental governance in China.