Abstract: Purpose/Significance COVID-19 cases have been diagnosed in more than 1 million 260 thousand patients by April 6, 2020, and over 80 thousand cases have been diagnosed in China. Exploring a global efficient emergency management system for public health emergencies is an urgent task. Design/Methodology Through a multi-dimensional time-based comparative study of the emergency management mechanism for public health emergencies in China, this article deeply analyzes the contents of system construction, institution building, and joint defense and control mechanism optimization, and then reveals the major achievements of China's public health emergency management system progress. On the basis of drawing on typical international emergency management experience, relevant suggestions for further optimizing our emergency management system for public health emergencies are proposed. Findings/Conclusion At present, while China is gradually implementing a subversive change from a decentralized, coordinated and temporary response emergency management mechanism to an integrated emergency management system, it also exposes many problems that need to be improved, such as the economic crisis caused by public health emergencies has not been included in the scope of emergency legal treatment. In the future, we should focus on the construction of a long-term mechanism for emergency management of public health emergencies, and improve emergency management capabilities in terms of top-level design, database construction, and normalization of volunteer teams.