Abstract: After three decades of reform and opening up, because of the economic system reform, changes in social structure, changes of people’s ideas, and the influence on China from the foreign capitalist system, alienation in China revealed. To some extent, it intensifies the contradiction between man and man, the contradiction between man and nature and affects the social stability, the harmonious between human and nature, and the harmonious between people and people. Therefore, study on the content of Marx’s theory of alienation and its characteristics and examining it from the perspective of the combination of reality and history is not only of great theoretical and guide value, but also of profound and important practical inspiration and guidance. It can help China’s process of modernization, which takes economic construction as the center, economic development with the most fundamental focus on the people above, the full attention to human freedom and comprehensive development, the restore of the true meaning of life and the prevention of the proliferation and spread of alienation.