Abstract: The development of the agricultural science and education is the process of struggling for participation, empowerment, and withdrawal. Furthermore, the complement and the competition take place when the market and the government do no work. According to the case study done in Anqing, it is required that the government should play the leading role in the development of the agricultural science and education. What's more, it is necessary to define the boundaries of power along with the power and responsibility between the market and the government. Besides, a reasonable description of the doer's functions and responsibilities is in need. It is expected that the agricultural science and education can be developed systematically with pluralistic participation.