Abstract: Purpose/Significance The problem of environmental pollution has become a major problem affecting the health and safety of people in modern society, especially air pollution. How the correlation between industrial structure, environmental regulation and air pollution is worthy of further discussion. Design/Methodology Using the gray projection correlation analysis method, taking Fuzhou as an example, the gray projection correlation between industrial structure, environmental regulation and air pollution is analyzed. Findings/Conclusions There is a close relationship between light industrial enterprises, small and medium-sized enterprises, domestic enterprises and air pollution. In addition, Fuzhou’s environmental input regulation is more related to air pollution than environmental output regulation, but the overall intensity of environmental regulation is weak, and it cannot effectively reduce exhaust emissions. Therefore, the prevention and control of air pollution in Fuzhou should focus on optimizing the industrial structure and strengthening environmental control.