Abstract: Purpose/Significance The people’s principal position in the new era is the manifestation of the Marxist theory of the all-round development of human beings in China’s realistic field. Clarifying its formation context will help to improve the discourse power of Marxist political parties. Design/Methodology This paper sorts out the relevant theoretical achievements of the current academic circles on the people’s principal position in the new era, explores its logical relationship and practical journey in the dimensions of theory, history and reality, and deepens our comprehensive understanding of the people’s principal position in the new era. Conclusions/Findings From the theoretical dimension, the generation of the people’s principal position in the new era has been evolved from the subjectivity scientific analysis of the “realistic man” by Marxism, to Chinese traditional people-oriented thought, and then to the highly-condensed people-oriented governing thoughts of the Communist Party of China in different periods; from the historical dimension, it has evolved from the positive encouragement of Marxism in the new era, to the satisfaction of the superimposed demands of material and spiritual life after the Reform and Opening-up, and then to the gradual satisfaction of the demands of people’s new life in the new era; from the realistic dimension, it reflects the Party’s adherence to its original mission, the improvement and development of the Socialism with Chinese characteristics, and the maintenance of the tension between reality and ideal.