Abstract: Purpose/Significance In the historical period of “14th five-year plan” and national security environment changing, National Economy Mobilization (NEM) is facing transformation and upgrading. Design/Methodology A theoretical framework of NEM transformation is constructed from the perspective of national security. Firstly, the evolution of NEM connotation is elaborated in detail, and NEM is defined as a resource allocation activity in unconventional state essentially. Secondly, the strengthening of mobilization foundation, the transformation of mobilization ideas and the upgrading of mobilization methods are respectively attributed to the development of economy and society, the improvement of task requirements and the progress of science and technology. Thirdly, the pain points of mobilization transformation are divided into organization, mechanism and regulation problems horizontally, while mobilization preparation, mobilization implementation and mobilization demobilization problems vertically. Finally, four modes are proposed, including grid management mode, integrated work mode, integrated coordination mode and systematic integration mode. Conclusions/Findings NEM transformation is a necessary way to realize mobilization modernization, and also an important guarantee to maintain national security.