Abstract: Purpose/Significance Public data is an important component of data resources, and public data authorization operation is an important institutional design for tapping the value of public data and releasing public data dividends. This study examines the public data authorization operation, identifies the development challenges faced by the public data operation, and proposes corresponding solutions. On the premise of ensuring data security, this study aims to propel the social market allocation of public data, value and promote the development of the digital economy. Design/Methodology Starting from the conceptual theory of public data authorization operation, this paper examines the latest development of public data authorization operation in important pilot provinces and cities in China, each of them is analyzed from the legislative, judicial and academic perspective. Conclusions/Findings The public data authorization operation model is an advanced exploration of the market-oriented public data allocation, to remove the obstacles that affect the smooth promotion and development of the public data authorization operation model. A series of problems need to be solved, including the lack of legal basis, high security risks, imperfect regulatory mechanism, and unclear data ownership.