Abstract: Purpose/Significance In the modern society, under the constraints of information overload and asymmetry, local government’s attention becomes scarce resource. Different issues compete for the government’s attention. How to allocate the safety production attention effectively, reduce the safety production accident risk, improve the accident management effect has become the focus of government and society. Design/Methodology This paper is based on the government reports of 27 provinces and 290 prefecture-level cities from 2015 to 2020, the safety production attention intensity of provincial and prefecture-level governments is calculated by Python. At the same time, more than 200,000 cases of handling illegal production enterprises by prefecture-level city emergency management Bureau are collected, to measure the intensity of safety production supervision by prefecture-level city governments. Finally, the death toll of safety production accidents in prefecture-level cities is taken as the proxy variable of safety production accident risk. This paper studies how provincial and prefecture-level city government’s safety production attention affects safety production supervision, and how prefecture-level city government’s attention and supervision intensity affects safety production accident risk. Conclusions/Findings (1) The increase of government’s attention can improve the intensity of safety production supervision. The attention of provincial and municipal governments on safety production is significantly positively correlated with the intensity of safety production supervision of prefecture-level cities. (2) The increase in the intensity of safety production attention of prefecture-level city governments can significantly reduce the risk of safety production accidents through direct and indirect effects, and the supervision intensity plays a partial mediating role, the proportion of mediating effect is 28.29%. (3) The influence of safety production attention of prefecture-level city government on supervision intensity is regulated by the provincial government’s safety production attention. This study provides empirical evidence for understanding the relationship between safety production attention and safety accident risk. The conclusions provide theoretical basis for reducing the harm of safety production accidents and improving the effect of safety management.