Abstract: In recent years, behavioral science has been widely used in public health, in which behavioral interventions represented by nudging and boosting have played an important role in the prevention and control of COVID-19. However, despite existing studies has been focused on this, there is a lack of systematic comparative summaries and integrated analyses. Therefore, this paper proposes and applies the new perspective of “behavioral emergency management” for the first time, which comprehensively compiles the empirical studies involving behavioral science in the prevention and control of the epidemic in Western countries, builds a classification framework of behavioral tools by means of nudging/boosting tools*functional types, assesses the effects of behavioral interventions, discusses the applicability conditions of behavioral tools on this basis, and finally proposes behavioral emergency management strategies to deal with future major public health emergencies.