Abstract: The new quality productivity has the distinctive characteristics of the times, which is a new leap in the Marxist theory of productivity, and provides theoretical support for the construction of a digital economy with data as the key element. Using the inductive and deductive research method, this paper constructs an analytical framework of “factors-innovation-kinetic energy”. It theoretically elucidates the intrinsic logic by which “data factor ×” drives the accelerated development of new quality productivity, and further substantiates this argument with empirical evidence from typical cases. And the case analysis method is used to prove that “data element ×” drives new quality productivity. Data elements can play the role of multiplier effect and innovation engine, and are a new qualitative production factor in the digital age, which together with computing power and algorithms form a digital productivity with the characteristics of the times. Synergistically linked with other factors of production, data penetrates all aspects of production, distribution, circulation and consumption, promotes scientific and technological innovation and in-depth industrial transformation and upgrading, enhances the resilience of economic growth, and greatly improves total factor productivity, thereby triggering a leap in productivity and shaping new momentum and new advantages. The realization path for the development of new quality productivity driven by “Data element ×” lies in its combination with application scenarios. Collaboratively optimizing to improve the efficiency of resource allocation, reusing and increasing efficiency, breaking through resource constraints, and integrating innovation to create new formats and new models. Promoting the supply, flow, good use and security of data is an effective strategy for the “data element ×” to drive the accelerated development of new quality productivity.