Abstract: The conception and formation of Lenin’s view of natural science has its profound ideological and theoretical background under social and historical conditions. Its theoretical connotation is fully reflected in Materialism and Empirical Criticism. Based on the summary of the new achievements of natural science, Lenin exposed the false connection between Machism and natural science, and believed that the object of study of natural science is the objective world independent of consciousness. Its development follows the dialectical unity of absolute and relative truth, free will and necessity, and emphasizes the need for natural science to be closely integrated with dialectical materialism and develop together. Lenin’s view of natural science is an important practical inspiration for the development of China’s scientific and technological undertakings. In the context of the new round of scientific and technological revolution, it is necessary to adhere to the dialectical unity of science and philosophy, realise the benign interaction between science and technology and freedom, and then promote the close inter-embedding of science and technology and the economy in the development of new quality productive forces.