Abstract: The conception and formation of Lenin’s view of natural science has its profound ideological and theoretical background and social and historical conditions, and its theoretical connotation is fully reflected in Materialism and Empirical Criticism. Based on the summary of the new achievements of natural science, Lenin exposed the false connection between Machismo and natural science, believed that the object of study of natural science is the objective world independent of consciousness, and that its development follows the dialectical unity of absolute and relative truth, free will and necessity, and emphasised the need for natural science to be closely integrated with dialectical materialism and to develop together. Lenin's view of natural science is an important practical inspiration for the development of China's scientific and technological undertakings. In the context of the new round of scientific and technological revolution, it is necessary to adhere to the dialectical unity of science and philosophy, to realise the benign interaction between science and technology and freedom, and then to promote the close inter-embedding of science and technology and the economy in the process of focusing on the development of new quality productive forces.