Abstract: Against the backdrop of accelerating the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development, this article empirically evaluates the impact of environmental pollution liability insurance on government green governance based on data from 277 pilot prefecture level cities in China from 2003 to 2023, using a propensity score matching double difference model. Research has found that environmental pollution liability insurance can significantly improve the effectiveness of government environmental governance in pilot areas. Compared to central and western regions, non provincial capital cities, and central cities, environmental pollution liability insurance has a more significant effect on government green governance in eastern regions, provincial capital cities, and non central cities. Further analysis reveals that environmental pollution liability insurance can also promote government green governance in the surrounding areas of the pilot project. In the synergistic effect of regional environmental governance, the imitation effect of the current environmental pollution liability insurance policy is greater than its demonstration effect.