论刑事诉讼中人工智能证据的合法性审查规则

Study on the Legality Review Rules for Artificial Intelligence Evidence in Criminal Procedure

  • 摘要: 当前人工智能证据主要采用转换或单独成类的形式参与诉讼,其审查往往偏重关联性和客观性而忽视合法性,相关审查规则亦付之阙如。建构合法性审查规则可从范畴认定、审查对象和审查程序三个层面具体展开。应明确人工智能证据的具体范畴,从优化人工智能证据的分类与命名机制切入,摒弃并存混用的既有话语体系,统一在“人工智能证据”概念下依据生成逻辑和证据功能属性细分。在此基础上,需在证据属性层次性下重新定位合法性要素。由此建构要素属性审查规则,以及包含证明力评价指引规则与定案根据资格规则在内的证据裁判指引规则,维系合法性审查在探求真实与保障人权间的价值平衡。定案根据资格规则在合法性审查层面涵盖审查对象与审查程序规范,是人工智能证据合法性审查规则的核心维度。司法机关应从来源、过程和结果三个层面审查,对应适用强制或裁量排除,以促进人工智能证据的规范应用。

     

    Abstract: Artificial intelligence evidence currently enters litigation primarily through conversion into existing evidence forms or as a distinct evidentiary category. However, its admissibility review often emphasizes relevance and objectivity while neglecting the legality dimension, compounded by the absence of specific review rules. Establishing a framework for legality review rules necessitates development across three dimensions, including the determination of categories, the object of review and the review procedure. The specific scope of AI evidence must be clearly delineated by optimizing classification and naming mechanisms, abandoning the current inconsistent terminology in favor of a unified concept of AI evidence with sub-categorization based on technical generation logic and functional evidentiary attributes. The legality of evidence must be redefined within the hierarchical structure of evidence attributes. On this basis, rules for reviewing element attributes and guidelines for evidence adjudication should be established to maintain a balance between the pursuit of truth and the protection of human rights. The legality review aspect of the norms on the basis for the final decision covers the content of review and review procedures, which is the core dimension of the legality review rules for artificial intelligence evidence. Judicial authorities should review the source, process, and outcome of AI evidence and apply mandatory or discretionary exclusionary effects as appropriate to promote the standardized application of AI evidence.

     

/

返回文章
返回