Abstract: Under the background of rapid development of artificial intelligence and widespread application of industrial robots, its impact on skill premium has attracted much attention. To explain the influence effect of artificial intelligence and industrial robot applications on skill premium, a three-layer nested (constant elasticity of substitution) CES production function including artificial intelligence and industrial robots is constructed, and the mechanism of its effect on skill premium is theoretically derived. Based on this theoretical model, numerical simulation analysis is carried out. The results show that when different proportional relationships between the application of artificial intelligence and that of industrial robots are set, the skill premium shows a significant downward trend with the improvement of the application of artificial intelligence. Further analysis reveals that the improvement in the application of artificial intelligence has a direct inhibitory effect on the wages of highly skilled labor, while the impact of industrial robots is relatively limited. The negative impact of industrial robot applications on the wages of low-skilled labor is more significant, while the influence of artificial intelligence is not obvious. From the perspective of changes in skill premium, the application of artificial intelligence has a direct effect of reducing skill premium, while the application of industrial robots shows a trend of increasing skill premium. However, when the application of both are in a relatively high range, the interaction between artificial intelligence and industrial robots will weaken the positive effect of industrial robots, forming a synergistic mechanism that reduces the skill premium. The research results are conducive to a deeper understanding of the complex impact of artificial intelligence and industrial robots on skill premium, providing a theoretical basis for policy-making to achieve a more reasonable income distribution.