短视频平台版权事先治理新论:法理理据与规则优化

On Pre-governance of Short Video Platform Copyright: Legal Basis and Rule Optimization

  • 摘要: 算法推荐革新短视频作品传播方式的同时亦影响着参与主体权责适配的逻辑始点。其中,施以平台何种版权治理义务的讨论仍是聚讼纷纭。对此的回应大体遵循两种论证进路:一种是沿着既有规则或法律框架加以释义并完善“应知、明知”及“必要措施”的解释论进路;另一种则尝试阐明数字时代版权治理失序和各主体间“价值差”失衡的立法论进路。有必要转换角度提问,即作品版权的热度不在于用户自身传播或客观流通便能自动实现,而系平台由控制资源到精心管理资源来打破“传播源—传播渠道—传播受众”的客观流程,使内容推送倾向于特定受众,形成“拟态环境”。鉴此,事后治理模式的解释论进路难以调整权责配置体系,而传播学和法学的互动视角能为事先治理模式的立法论进路提供新解。通过回溯“平台”认知流变。以数字守门人理论和倾斜保护理论分别对平台“拟态环境”和平台与用户间持续不平等的负外部性关系予以解构。以“传播过程视角”来优化法律治理规则的可操作性。最后,主张版权事先治理模式并非一蹴而就,对此应持渐进主义态度。

     

    Abstract: The algorithm recommendation not only innovates the way short video works are disseminated, but also affects the logical basis of the adaptation of the rights and responsibilities of the participating parties. Among them, the discussion on what copyright governance obligations to impose on the platform is still contentious. The response to this generally follows two argumentative approaches: one is to interpret and improve the interpretive approach of “should know, know” and “necessary measures” along existing rules or legal frameworks. Another approach is to clarify the legislative approach of disorderly copyright governance in the digital age and the imbalance of “value differences” among various entities. It is necessary to ask from a different perspective, that is, the popularity of work copyright does not lie in the automatic dissemination or objective circulation by users themselves, but in the platform breaking the objective process of “communication source—communication channel—communication audience” by controlling and carefully managing resources, making content reach specific audiences, forming a “mimetic environment”. In view of this, the explanatory approach of the post governance model is difficult to adjust the system of power and responsibility allocation, while the interactive perspective of communication studies and law can provide new insights for the legislative approach of the pre-governance model. By tracing the cognitive evolution of the ‘platform’. Deconstructing the negative externalities of the platform’s “mimetic environment” and the persistent inequality between the platform and users using the digital gatekeeper theory and the tilted protection theory, respectively. Optimize the operability of legal governance rules from the perspective of the dissemination process. Finally, advocating for a copyright pre governance model is not a one-time solution, and a progressive attitude should be taken towards it.

     

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