Abstract: Hubei Province is one of the major agricultural provinces in China, which plays a pivotal role in China’s agricultural development. Changes in agricultural development are the only way to promote the rural economic development of Hubei. In order to accelerate the agricultural development of Hubei, based on an economic perspective, this paper uses the three-stage DEA model to estimate the efficiency of the agricultural productions in 12 provinces, and then compares the efficiency of Hubei agricultural production with other provinces, so that we can detect the problems in the development progress, and make it play comparative advantages. The results show that: the efficiency of agricultural production has changed prominently after striking out the environment variable, this means there is still room for improvement of the efficiency of agricultural production in Hubei Province, and less financial investment, low level of urbanization and the low level of farmers’ net income are the main reasons for the gap compared with eastern agricultural provinces of Shandong, Zhejiang, Jiangsu.