Abstract: Promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity is the overall goal of comprehensively deepening reforms in the social system. As a brand-new political concept, the modernization of national governance lies in the cooperative management of government and citizens’ public life, and its essence is the democratization of political and social life. The most important thing in the modernization of state governance is the modernization of institutional mechanisms and the modernization of talents. Constructing a cultural environment with social rationality as its essential feature is the inherent requirement of governance modernization, because social rationality is the basic stipulation of modern governance system and the basic quality of modern governance.