Abstract: Purpose/Significance The scientific definition of public service capabilities is the logical starting point for studying public service capabilities and related content. This article aims at the current theoretical differences in public service capabilities, reconstructs the analytical framework and theoretical model, and explores the concept definition, element dimensions, and how to improve it. Design/Methodology Based on a review of the existing literature, the concept of public service capabilities was defined using a grounded theoretical paradigm. Findings/Conclusions A three-dimensional conceptual model of public service capabilities was proposed, including demand identification, service supply, and learning growth capabilities. Then, the value rationality in the concept is further analyzed, and the people-oriented, demand-oriented and interactive governance should be regarded as the value principles to be followed in the process of public service supply. From these three levels, the way to improve public service capacity is discussed.