丧亲人群哀伤辅导的研究构思

A Conception of Grief Counseling for the Bereaved

摘要: 丧亲者的哀伤过程可以分为丧失导向(loss-oriented)和恢复导向(restored-oriented)。丧亲者往往在这两者之间主动来回摆动,以此应对双方面的挑战。基于“依恋与哀伤双过程模型”,提出了建立丧亲人群哀伤辅导系统的构想。该支持系统由三大系统、一个手册、一套干预所构成。丧亲人群哀伤辅导系统的目的在于帮助丧亲人群完成“悲伤功课”,接受丧亲事实、面对哀伤、调整自我认同、重构人生意义、达成个人成长,适应丧亲后的日常生活,保持良好的生理、心理与社会功能适应水平。

Abstract: There is a lack of attention for the health situation of the bereaved especially because of disasters. The Dual Process Model proposed by Stroebe (1999) integrated the attachment theory, trauma theory, and cognitive coping theory, which pointed that the experiences of the bereaved included two aspects: loss-oriented and restoration-oriented. The bereaved oscillated between the two sides to cope with challenges from two aspects. Basis of DPM, we proposed a conception model of grief counseling, which includes three systems, a manual and interventions. The aim is to assist the bereaved to get through grief, accept death, adjust self-identity, reconstruct meaning system, get personal growth, adapt to bereavement, and keep a good level of physical, psychological and social adjustment.