Abstract: Xi Jinping's theory of fairness and justice is the latest result of the Chinese Communist Party's theory of fairness and justice, which has deep theoretical origin. The contents contains:the need to use the law and rule to promote rule by law and ensure social fairness and justice institutionally; strengthening the construction of work style, adhering to the principle of social fairness and justice, and guaranteeing social fairness and justice organizationally; innovating the social governance mode, improving the capacity of national governance, and safeguarding social fairness and justice technically; advocating win-win cooperation, sticking to the five principles of peaceful coexistence, and maintaining international fairness and justice fully. The value orientations of humanism, collectivism, socialism are exposed in the theory. Xi Jinping's theory of fairness and justice provides scientific theoretical guidance for the construction of Chinese characteristic socialist modernization in the new period, and it is worthy of our in-depth study.