Abstract: In the western world where the logic of capitalism prevailed, challenging the legitimacy of capitalism was not a trend. After the collapse of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, western scholars generally believed that the legitimacy of capitalism was no longer a theme of academic research, and the key question lied in how to perfect the system of capitalism. Callinicos had a different opinion, he challenged the legitimacy of capitalism from four aspects:the first one was the protracted economic crisis; the second one was the ecological problem which endangered human survival; the third one was the frequent outbreak of conflict and war; the fourth one was increasingly serious poverty and inequality. These four major problems constituted the basic reason of the anti-capitalism, which showed that capitalism was no longer expectant and desired. Callinicos's criticism of capitalism effectively counterattacked "the end of history", and it also helped people to recognize the nature of capitalism.