Abstract: National governance is an important theme of modern state construction, and modern state is the main part of the national governance. Therefore, the precondition of understanding the logic relationship between them is accurately comprehending the mutual supporting relationship between the modern state and society. On this basis, the operating mechanism and performance characteristics of national governance are used as an important basis for explaining the construction of modern state, and it shows great significance of the national governance to the modern state construction. In the deep relationship, the national governance is the content and the link of the modern state construction. The modern state restrains the political power of the country with national governance, balances the social structure, and adjusts the relationship between the state and the society. It is the logical connection that fundamentally determines the two important points of the effectiveness of the system and the legitimacy of power to build the effective governance mode.