Abstract: In the 1930s, the " Social Security Act” was issued by the U.S. government to build perfect reasonable poverty alleviation policy system. As the world’s biggest agricultural insurance market, agricultural insurance in this system plays an irreplaceable role. After a series of reforms, the U.S. agricultural insurance system formed a mature operation mechanism. As innovation policies for supporting agriculture, this mechanism has a wide range of coverage and various security plans, and it can guarantee the normal operation of agricultural insurance by means of two-way financial subsidy as the compensation for premium. The reinsurance mechanism and disaster aid not only guarantee the farmers’ income,but also promote the development of domestic agricultural economic success. Our country needs to learn the international experiences to perfect our agricultural insurance system so as to acclerate the development. It's of significance for our country's strategy of povery alleviation to learn more about the development of the U.S. anti-poverty system and analyze deeply its core contents.