Abstract: Purpose/Significance As a typical representative of the social application of artificial intelligence, autonomous driving technology deeply reflects the “risk dilemma” brought by technological development and industrial innovation, and calls for government-led safety supervision to prevent and control administration risks of science and technology to the maximum extent. Design/Methodology The autonomous driving supervision in the United States has effectively guided the development of the autonomous driving industry and provided some governance experience of referential importance for China. Through research and comparative analysis of the regulatory basis, access system, safety regulatory system, this paper summarizes the regulatory framework and innovation system of the United States. Findings/Conclusions Based on the current situation of autonomous driving regulation in China, it is necessary to establish a coordinated multi-layer legislative structure, innovate the regulation system such as road traffic subject identification, vehicle registration and driver training, actively seek public-private cooperation, and pay attention to information disclosure and public participation.