Abstract: Purpose/Significance The theory of social revolution is an important content of Marx’s historical materialism, and socialism with Chinese characteristics is the historical achievement and contemporary continuation of Chinese social revolution. Elucidating Marx’s relevant exposition of social revolution has theoretical significance for understanding the regularity and purpose of human social development, and has contemporary value for upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics. Design/Methodology Through text analysis, Marx’s theory of social revolution presents three historical aspects: first, the objectivity of social revolution is to change production relations and liberate productivity; second, the subjectivity of social revolution is reflected by people’s active creation of history; third, the thoroughness of social revolution is to fully realize the socialization of productivity. Findings/Conclusions The three infiltrate and logically prove each other. The goal of thorough social revolution is to establish the public ownership of production means. The objective and subjective conditions are the driving forces of social revolution, which jointly promote the ultimate goal of social revolution.