Abstract: Mao Zedong combined the actual conditions of China and made a hard exploration to peasant revolution, based on which he proposed a serials of revolution theories such as peasant revolution theory of subjectivity, rural class divisions theory, the rural land revolution theory, and the outline of Mao Zedong’s peasant revolutionary thought with rich connotation threaded by the intellectuals mobilization theory. The outline of Mao Zedong’s peasant revolution thought is the main body of Mao Zedong thought, and also is the important development of Marxism. It is of important values to the building of a harmonious socialist society, the construction of a well-off society in an all-round way, and the realization of the goal of “two hundred years”.