Abstract: Marx’s ideology of people’s well-being is based on historical materialism. It transforms the thinking from axiology on “supreme good’’ into a viewpoint on human’s everlasting pursuit for a free and an integrated development, into the everlasting interrogatory for the real life’s meaning. Marx’s ideology of people’s well-being exerts an important enlightenment on the construction of contemporary Chinese people’s livelihood. In order to solve livelihood-related problems, a “people-oriented’’ value guidance must be always followed, productivity and productive relations must be rationally handled as to reach a dialectical unity, and individuals must be actively guided as to help them put their personal development and social development into a coordinated integration.