Abstract: The authorized operation system of public data is an important way to promote the orderly and open utilization of public data and release the value of data. However,it is facing more and more prominent monopoly risk problems in practice. The monopoly risk of public data authorization operation is mainly manifested in the administrative monopoly risk in the authorization stage and the abuse of market dominant position in the operation stage,and may lead to negative effects such as damaging fair competition, weakening consumer welfare and inhibiting social innovation. The root that the monopoly risk of public data authorization operation is the result of multiple factors, such as the generalization of exclusive authorization caused by the expansion and application of franchise model, the distortion of fair authorization mechanism by risk prevention and interest-driven, and the erosion of public welfare attributes caused by the loss of supervision. It is necessary to make precise policies according to its causes: by moderately increasing the number of operating entities and strictly implementing the classification and classification management of public data, the boundary for the application of franchise mode should be delineated; Improve the rules of competitive authorization and strengthen the rigidity of fair competition review, so as to ensure the fairness of authorization mechanism; Taking the price and quality supervision of public data products and services as the core, we will jointly promote diversified supervision methods such as technical supervision and compliance supervision, and then build a systematic public data operation supervision system.