平台企业破产中的程序障碍与规则优化

Procedural Obstacles and Rule Optimization in the Bankruptcy of Platform Enterprises

  • 摘要: 平台企业破产的制度困境很大程度上源于现行破产程序以传统工业企业为预设原型,以致在应对数据资产的虚体化、网络效应的易逝性与债权人群体的异质化时,出现了规则适用上的功能失调。在财产维度上,数据的人格利益负载使得以有体物为中心的破产财产规则难以顺畅适用;在时间维度上,破产程序的法定节奏与网络效应的维系需求之间存在张力,程序运行本身可能加速营运价值的消解;主体维度上,债权人会议的架构对数据主体与消费者等群体的非财产性利益诉求缺乏容纳空间。针对上述问题,可以考虑建立数据资产的分层处置规则,设计面向网络效应保护的紧急营运许可与程序压缩机制,在债权人会议中嵌入多元利益参与通道,并在跨境环节衔接数据保护法的合规要求。这些方案的核心思路是在程序的关键节点上完成功能调适,而非在既有条文上简单地叠加例外规定。

     

    Abstract: The institutional difficulties in platform enterprise bankruptcy arise largely from the fact that existing bankruptcy procedures take traditional industrial enterprises as their presupposed model. Consequently, when confronting the dematerialization of data assets, the evanescence of network effects, and the heterogeneity of creditor groups, a functional disorder in rule application emerges. On the property dimension, the personality interests loaded upon data render smoothly applying bankruptcy estate rules centered on tangible assets difficult. On the temporal dimension, a tension exists between the statutory rhythm of bankruptcy procedures and the need to sustain network effects, and the very operation of the procedure may accelerate the erosion of going-concern value. On the participant dimension, the framework of the creditors’ meeting lacks the capacity to accommodate the non-property interests of groups such as data subjects and consumers. In response to these problems, it is worth considering establishing tiered disposal rules for data assets, devising an emergency operating permit and procedural compression mechanism oriented toward protecting network effects, embedding multi-interest participation channels within the creditors’ meeting, and integrating the compliance requirements of data protection law in cross-border contexts. The core logic of these proposals is to achieve functional adjustments at key procedural junctures rather than merely superimposing exceptional provisions onto existing articles.

     

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