Abstract: Coordinating technological upgrading with the promotion of high-quality full employment is a central issue in economic modernization. This paper incorporates artificial intelligence and industrial robots into a unified analytical framework. Using data from the China Family Panel Studies from 2016 to 2022 and occupation-level measures of technology exposure, it estimates the effects of these two technological shocks on workers’ multidimensional high-quality employment with a two-way fixed effects model.The results show that the two technologies have different effects on employment quality. Exposure to artificial intelligence significantly improves workers’ multidimensional high-quality employment, while exposure to industrial robots significantly reduces it. Mechanism tests indicate that artificial intelligence improves employment quality by reshaping job responsibilities toward managerial tasks and reducing labor-market informalization. Industrial robots do not affect employment quality through managerial task restructuring. Although the informal employment channel generates a significant indirect effect, this effect is positive, suggesting that it partly offsets rather than amplifies the negative effect of industrial robots. Digital human capital reinvestment does not serve as a significant mediating channel. It neither strengthens the positive effect of artificial intelligence nor buffers the negative effect of industrial robots.Heterogeneity analysis shows that artificial intelligence generates larger employment-quality gains for workers with lower human capital, older workers, and workers in non-state sectors. Industrial robots impose larger employment-quality losses on women, workers with higher human capital, and younger workers. These findings suggest that policy should focus on job transitions, skill mismatch, and gaps in worker protection caused by technological substitution. Governments should build targeted reskilling programs, improve social security arrangements for informal employment and job transitions, and guide firms to adjust workplace organization when adopting intelligent technologies, so as to align technological upgrading with improvements in workers’ employment quality.