Abstract: The division between sovereignty and government is very important in Rousseau’s Democratic Theory. In Rousseau’s opinion, sovereignty is the exercise of general will so that it belongs to the whole people. And it can’t be representative and transferential. But the government can be and should be representative. That is to say, Rousseau claimed representative democracy as well as popular sovereignty. The latter has priority to the former, but the former has considerable independence. Rousseau hoped to achieve some balance between the two so that a good regime could be built.