Abstract: New rural cooperative medical system depends not only on the construction of the central government decision-making, but also by all levels of local authority, hospitals, as well as the impact of farmer. This paper studies the gambling process of government, the fixed-point hospital, and farmer which is reflected on promoting the new rural cooperatives medical service system, analyses the conflict of interests between the main bodies by structuring the utility function, and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions, including that we should take the government as the leadership at the basis of farmer’s broad participation and coordinate the government, farmer and fixed point medical institution tripartite cost-benefit.