Abstract: Using the Stochastic Frontier Approach in the frame work of a Trans-log production function over the period 2000～2007, this paper examines comprehensively loss of technical efficiency and technological progress for the 13 major grain producing areas of China. The major findings include: the average technical efficiency of grain production in China's major grain producing areas is 0.675 and technical efficiency loss on average is 32.5%, and production elasticity of input factors is weak. Irrigation rate, disaster rate, the family per income and time variables produce reverse effects on the technical losses, while the crop planting structure and regional variables have positive effects on technical losses.