Abstract: Started from the political economy phenomenon of the capitalist, Marx analyzed and explored the freedom and equality the status of performance in capitalist society. In capitalist society, the exchange value constituted objective basis of the capitalist society, which embodied their falsity in the exchange value of freedom and equality. Marx criticized limitations of the exchange value of capitalist society, and pointed out necessity to realize a communism society with a correct and wonderful system and good life，and true freedom and equality.