Abstract: Straight sues system is a special litigation system in ancient China. It not only compensates for the insufficiency of the ancient Chinese conventional litigation system to some extent,but also has certain supervision and pickets role in national official judicial corruption. More importantly, it is an important way for the Chinese ancient people to call for justice. Jurisprudential analysis on it is helpful for people to dialyze its existing legal basis, clarify their run of legal mechanism, and then explore the contemporary evolution and rebirth possibility.