Abstract: In our country, the large population and insufficient cultivated land are obvious problems, and peasant are one of the most important parts to protect the cultivated land. The Xinjiang Autonomous Region has long history of land cultivating, which also has comparatively concentrated cultivated land cases. After doing the regression analysis on the data of selected samples, this paper concludes that the operation scale, period, and number of farming labor play important roles in improving the cultivated land protection, meanwhile the operation scale and period also have strongly interactive functions for peasants’ activity of cultivated land protection.