Abstract: In Nov. 2011, the central government decided to adjust the poverty line to RMB 2300/person.year, and scholars regards that this line has been reaching the international poverty line, which embodies the central government’s emphasis on the rural areas’ development. As one important part of poverty alleviation, the rural minimum living security system has developed more and more mature, while there are also some problems need to be solved. This paper elaborates the rural minimum living security system, introduces its development and achievements, and analyzes some unfair phenomenon caused by the problems existing in the system. Finally, it proposes some solutions to these problems