Abstract: The provincial eco-efficiency evaluation model is first constructed. Then based on the provincial panel data, the method of factor analysis is used to evaluate the eco-efficiency of each province. By the means of the entity fixed effects model, and using the eco-efficiency scores as dependent variable and influential factors as independent variables, the impact on eco-efficiency is analyzed. The results indicate that: first, the industrial structure, environmental policy, pollution control ability and regional scientific and technological standard have positive impacts on eco-efficiency. Second, the rapid of economical development has negative influence on the improvement of eco-efficiency. Third, The regional openness standard has not obvious impact on the eco-efficiency. At last, according to the results of empirical analysis, some suggestions are put forward.